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Transnational Issues
Disputes—international: most of the southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative Line; territorial dispute with Somalia over the Ogaden; dispute over alignment of boundary with Eritrea led to armed conflict in 1998, which is still unresolved despite arbitration efforts
Illicit drugs: transit hub for
heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined
for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets
in southern Africa; cultivates qat (chat) for local use and regional
export