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Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of South Africa
conventional short form: South Africa
abbreviation: RSA
Data code: SF
Government type: republic
Capital: Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judicial)
Administrative divisions: 9 provinces; Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, North-West, Northern Cape, Northern Province, Western Cape
Independence: 31 May 1910 (from UK)
National holiday: Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)
Constitution: 10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 3 February 1997; it is being implemented in phases
Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Nelson MANDELA (since 10 May 1994);
Executive Deputy President Thabo MBEKI (since 10 May 1994); note—the
president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Nelson MANDELA (since 10 May 1994);
Executive Deputy President Thabo MBEKI (since 10 May 1994); note—the
president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president and executive deputy presidents elected by
the National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held
9 May 1994 (next scheduled for sometime between May and July 1999)
election results: Nelson MANDELA elected president; percent of
National Assembly vote—100% (by acclamation); Thabo MBEKI
and Frederik W. DE KLERK elected executive deputy presidents;
percent of National Assembly vote—100% (by acclamation)
note: the initial governing coalition, made up of the ANC, the
IFP, and the NP, which constituted a Government of National Unity
or GNU, no longer includes the NP which was withdrawn by DE KLERK
on 30 June 1996 when he voluntarily gave up his position as executive
deputy president and distanced himself from the programs of the
ANC
Legislative branch: bicameral
parliament consisting of the National Assembly (400 seats; members
are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional representation
to serve five-year terms) and the National Council of Provinces
(90 seats, 10 members elected by each of the nine provincial legislatures
for five-year terms; has special powers to protect regional interests,
including the safeguarding of cultural and linguistic traditions
among ethnic minorities); note—following the implementation
of the new constitution on 3 February 1997 the former Senate was
disbanded and replaced by the National Council of Provinces with
essentially no change in membership and party affiliations, although
the new institution's responsibilities have been changed somewhat
by the new constitution
elections: National Assembly and Senate—last held 26-29 April
1994 (next to be held 2 June 1999); note—the Senate was disbanded
and replaced by the National Council of Provinces on 6 February
1997
election results: National Assembly—percent of vote by party—ANC
62.6%, NP 20.4%, IFP 10.5%, FF 2.2%, DP 1.7%, PAC 1.2%, ACDP 0.5%,
other 0.9%; seats by party—ANC 252, NP 82, IFP 43, FF 9,
DP 7, PAC 5, ACDP 2; Senate—percent of vote by party—NA;
seats by party—ANC 61, NP 17, FF 4, IFP 5, DP 3
Judicial branch: Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate Courts
Political parties and leaders:
African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE, president];
African National Congress or ANC [Thabo MBEKI, president]; Democratic
Party or DP [Tony LEON, president]; Freedom Front or FF [Constand
VILJOEN, president]; Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu
BUTHELEZI, president]; National Party (now the New National Party)
or NP [Marthinus VAN SCHALKWYK, executive director]; Pan-Africanist
Congress or PAC [Stanley MOGOBA, president]; United Democratic
Movement or UDM [Roelf MEYER, Bantu HOLOMISA]
note: 11 other parties won votes in the April 1994 elections but
not enough to gain seats in the National Assembly
Political pressure groups and leaders: Congress of South African Trade Unions or COSATU [Sam SHILOWA, general secretary]; South African Communist Party or SACP [Charles NQAKULA, general secretary]; South African National Civics Organization or SANCO [Mlungisi HLONGWANE, national president]; note—COSATU and SACP are in a formal alliance with the ANC
International organization participation: AfDB, BIS, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NAM, NSG, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in
the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant)
chancery: 3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 232-4400
FAX: [1] (202) 265-1607
consulate(s) general: Beverly Hills (California), Chicago, and
New York
Diplomatic representation from
the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador James A. JOSEPH
embassy: 877 Pretorius St., Arcadia 0083
mailing address: P.O. Box 9536, Pretoria 0001
telephone: [27] (12) 342-1048
FAX: [27] (12) 342-2244
consulate(s) general: Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg
Flag description: two equal width
horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central
green band which splits into a horizontal Y, the arms of which
end at the corners of the hoist side, embracing a black isosceles
triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands;
the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its
arms by narrow white stripes
note: prior to 26 April 1994, the flag was actually four flags
in one—three miniature flags reproduced in the center of
the white band of the former flag of the Netherlands, which has
three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and blue;
the miniature flags are a vertically hanging flag of the old Orange
Free State with a horizontal flag of the UK adjoining on the hoist
side and a horizontal flag of the old Transvaal Republic adjoining
on the other side